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Poverty Eradication
Encompasses the will and strategies to stop all people from living in poverty.
24th Oct 2017
Preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT)
Refers to the methods used to prevent HIV from being transmitted to children in pregnancy, during birth or through breastfeeding.
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
The true exchange rate of different currencies based on differences in standard of living and overall pricing among different nations. This rate allows a standard comparison of real price levels between countries otherwise normal exchange rates may over or undervalue purchasing power.
Ratification
Ratification is the approval by the principal of an act of its agent where the agent shows authority to legally bind the principal. Ratification of a Treaty – The ratification of international treaties is accomplished by filing instruments of ratification as provided for in the treaty.
Refugees
People who have fled their countries because of a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group, and who cannot or do not want to return.
Sanitation
Disposal of human waste. Sanitation, clean water, and good hygiene often go together in poverty alleviation/health projects addressing the issue.
Small Island Developing Nation
Developing nations that are limited in economic development by lack of landmass.
Social Responsibility
The principle that companies should contribute to the welfare of society and not be solely devoted to maximizing profits.
Standard of Living
The level of well-being (of an individual, group or the population of a country) as measured by the level of income (for example, GNP per capita) or by the quantity of various goods and services consumed (for example, the number of cars per 1,000 people or the number of television sets per capita).
Sustainable Development
The reduction of hunger and poverty in environmentally sound ways. It includes the meeting of basic needs, expanding economic opportunities, protecting and improving the environment and promoting pluralism and democratic participation.
The Human Poverty Index
The human poverty index measures deprivation in basic human development and is made up of four indicators. These are the percentage of people expected to die before the age of 40, the percentage of adults who are illiterate, the percentage of people without access to safe water and to health services and the percentage on […]
Third World
A term originally coined by French anti-colonialist writer and activist Albert Sauvy who chose his phrase to echo the political struggles of French history where pre-revolutionary society was divided into three ‘estates’ – first, second and third – the third estate represented the powerless in French politics and society. Sauvy wanted to draw parallels with […]
Tied Aid
Official grants or loans where procurement of the goods or services involved is limited to the donor country or to a group of countries which does not include substantially all recipient countries.
Total Debt Service
the sum of principal repayments and interest actually paid in foreign currency, goods, or services on long-term debt, interest paid on short-term debt and repayments to the IMF. Total debt service is an important indicator to measure a country’s relative burden to service external debt.
Trade
Exchange of goods between people/organisations/countries. Open international trade can lead to economic improvement and can help individuals escape poverty by allowing them to sell goods on international markets.
TRIPS
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international agreement under the aegis of the World Trade Organisation. It sets down minimum standards for several forms of intellectual property regulation, from copyright to trademarks, industrial designs and patents.
Under-five Mortality Rate
1.) The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1,000 live births. 2.) The probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age time 1,000
Underweight
(moderate and severe child malnutrition) – moderate refers to the percentage of children under age five who are below minus two standard deviations from the median weight for age of the reference population. Severe refers to the percentage of children under age five who are below minus three standard deviations from the median weight for […]
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948. The Declaration arose directly from the experience of the Second World War and represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are entitled.
Universal Primary Education
The second United Nations Millennium Development Goal is to achieve Universal Primary Education, more specifically, to “ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.”
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