Ethnicity

Identifying characteristics shared by a group such as culture, custom, race, language, religion or other social distinctions.

24th Oct 2017

Fair Trade

Fair Trade is an organised social movement and market-based approach that aims to help producers in developing countries and promote sustainability. The movement advocates the payment of a higher price to producers as well as social and environmental standards. It focuses in particular on exports from developing countries to developed countries – most notably handicrafts, […]

Famine

A situation of extreme scarcity of food with the potential to lead to widespread starvation.

FDI (Foreign Direct Investment)

Foreign investment in developing countries.

Fertility Rate (total)

The average number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime.

Food Security

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, food security exists "when all people, at all times, have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life."

G8 Summit

International meeting of the most powerful countries in the world, where their leaders discuss current global issues.

Gender

The term gender refers to culturally based expectations of the roles and behaviours of men and women. The term distinguishes the socially constructed from the biologically determined aspects of being male and female.

Gender Based Violence (GBV)

Gender-based violence can be defined as: “violence involving men and women, in which the female is usually the victim and which arises from unequal power relationships between men and women”. Violence against women and girls is often referred to as “gender-based violence” because it evolves in part from women’s subordinate gender status in society.

Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)

The GEM measures women’s ability to actively participate in economic and political life.

Gender Related Development Index (GDI)

This index is similar to the Human Development Index with account taken of gender inequalities. The greater the disparity in basic human development, the lower will be a country’s GDI compared with its HDI.

Genocide

The systematic and planned extermination of a national, racial, political or ethnic group, in whole or in part.  The term "genocide" did not exist before 1944. International law requires collective action to oppose genocide.

Globalization

A process whereby an increased portion of economic or other activity is carried out across national borders.

GNI (Gross National Income)

The new term for GNP.

Grand Corruption

Corruption that takes place in higher levels of government, and involves large amounts of money mismanagement – for example, diverting funds from a social programme for personal use.

Grant

Transfers made in cash, goods or services for which no repayment is required.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

‘Gross Domestic Product’ refers to the total value of all goods and services produced by a country’s economy over a specified period of time.

Gross Enrolment Ratio

The number of students enrolled at a certain level of education as a percentage of the population of the age group that officially corresponds to that level. Can be above 100 percent if some enrolled students are older or younger than the age group that officially corresponds to that level of education.

Gross National Product (GNP)

The total value of all goods and services produced in an economy in a given year plus all income received from abroad minus all payments sent abroad.

High-income Developing Economies

Economies that the United Nations classifies as developing even though their per capita incomes would place them with developed countries. This classification may be based on their economic structure or the official opinion of their governments.