Teangacha dúchasacha, cultúr agus stair

Is í is oidhreacht í ná na gnéithe cultúrtha a bhaineann le sochaí ar leith, ar nós traidisiúin, teangacha, nó foirgnimh a cruthaíodh san am atá thart agus a bhfuil tábhacht leanúnach ag baint leo.

Caithfear an oidhreacht chultúrtha a chosaint. Nascann smaointe agus traidisiún muid leis an am atá thart.

Seo 71 Smeach-chárta ar líne (liosta focal) le hAoife Nic Dhomhnaill le húsáid i nGaelscoileanna, rang Gaeilge nó sa Ghaeilge i gcomhthéacsanna eile.

Tá éifeachtaí an choilíneachais, ar nós an fhorghabháil, an t-ardú in neamhionannais agus an t-athrú aeráide ag meath na hoidhreachta cultúrtha, chomh maith le slite beatha grúpaí mionlaigh agus grúpaí dúchasacha ar fud an domhain inniu.

Tá an t-athrú aeráide, cogaidh agus córas an rachmais ag bagairt ar an chomhshaol agus timpeallachtaí de dhéantús an duine. Tá triomaigh agus falscaithe ag scriosadh ceantair mhóra. Sampla de seo ná an tine a dhó leath d’Oileán Frazer, an t-oileán gaineamh is mó ar domhan, atá aitheanta mar Láithreán Oidhreachta Domhanda ag UNESCO. Dódh crainn ann a bhí os cionn 1,000 bliain d’aois.

Cuireann tarluithe adhaimsire an ailtireacht i mbaol freisin, toisc gur féidir le stoirmeacha agus tuilte suíomhanna agus foirgnimh stairiúla a scriosadh. Cuireann ardú ar leibhéal na farraige bagairt ar náisiúin bheaga oileánda, ar nós Kiribati, tír ina bhfuil sibhialtaigh á n-aslonnú ón réigiún cheana féin. Tá daoine ag cailleadh tithe a muintire atá ann leis na cianta.

Bíonn suíomhanna stairiúla i mbaol i rith cogaidh freisin. Scriosadh cathracha, teampaill agus páláis ársa, cuid acu beagnach 3,000 bliain d’aois, le linn an chogaidh chathartha sa tSiria.

Léiríonn déantúsáin agus séadchomharthaí stairiúla scéalta tábhachtacha faoi stair an phobail áitiúil. Is féidir linn go leor a fhoghlaim faoin tSean-Éigipt ó Chloch Rosetta, nó faoi Éirinn in 800 A.D. ó Leabhar Cheanannais. Tá go leor déantúsán stairiúil, áfach, nach bhfuil sna tíortha as ar tháinig siad toisc gur chreach cumhachtaí coilíneacha iad le linn cogaí, nó gur tógadh nó trádáladh iad tar éis do thíortha neamhspleáchas a bhaint amach. Is é Músaem na Breataine, áit a bhfuil Leac Rosetta ar taispeáint, an institiúid leis an líon is mó earraí goidte ar domhan. Le déanaí, tá roinnt músaem i dtíortha an Iarthair tar éis déantáin a thabhairt ar ais. Gheall an Ísiltír breis is 100,000 píosa ealaíne goidte a thabhairt ar ais chuig a mbaile dúchais.

Tá líon na dteangacha labhartha ag laghdú mar gheall ar an domhandú. Labhraítear níos mó ná 6,500 teanga inniu, ach táthar ag súil go bhfaighidh 90% de theangacha an lae inniu bás roimh 2050. Tá 10 teanga le níos mó ná 100 milliún cainteoir, lena n-áirítear an Béarla, an Araibis agus an Hiondúis. Tá mionteangacha agus teangacha áitiúla go leor faoi bhagairt. Tá sé tábhachtach teangacha a chaomhnú. Nuair a chailltear focail, cailltear smaointe. Nuair a chailltear teanga, cailltear tuiscint iomlán ar an domhan. Anseo in Éirinn, mar shampla, is gá an Ghaeilge a chosaint mar chuid dár dtraidisiúin liteartha agus scéalaíochta.

Chomh maith leis an traidisiúin, tá teangacha áitiúla tábhachtach ar mhaithe leis an timpeallacht áitiúil a chaomhnú agus nasc a choinneáil leis na glúnta a chuaigh romhainn. Fásann teangacha áitiúla go horgánach i dtimpeallacht ar leith, ach labhraítear teangacha domhanda ar fud an domhain, lasmuigh den timpeallacht inar fhás siad. Dá bhrí sin, ní bhíonn na focail chuí i gcónaí ag teangacha domhanda chun cur síos a dhéanamh ar thimpeallachtaí áitiúla, agus ní bhíonn tuiscint iomlán ag teangacha domhanda ar thimpeallachtaí áitiúla.

Tá eolas áitiúil agus dúchasach ag teangacha dúchasacha. Is éard atá in eolas dúchasach ná tuiscint, dearcadh agus scileanna a bhaineann le pobal dúchais, a bhfuil stair fhada acu i dtimpeallacht faoi leith. Tá ról ríthábhachtach ag eolas dúchasach maidir le bithéagsúlacht a chosaint, cur i gcoinne na héagóra agus cearta a bhaint amach. Aithníonn eagraíochtaí idirnáisiúnta, ar nós UNESCO, go bhfuil tuiscint ar an éiceolaíocht agus a gcleachtais chaomhnaithe féin ag daoine dúchasacha i gCeanada, san Astráil, sna SA agus in áiteanna eile ar fud an domhain.

Creidmheasanna

Scríofa ag Aoife Nic Dhomhnaill

Curtha in eagar ag Réamonn Ó Ciaráin agus Seamas Mac Eochaidh

Arna tháirgeadh ag:

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In addition to photos credited on this website already are the following photographers and sources:

Crown, Probably for a Statue of the Christ Child. c. 1600-c. 1650 Spanish or Spanish Colonial. Gift of Marilynn B. Alsdorf via The Art Institute of Chicago used under CC0; Fragment from the Topacu Waistband of a Tunic (Uncu), A.D. 1532/1700, Inca-Colonial. Bessie Bennett Endowment via The Art Institute of Chicago used under CC0; Great Court, British Museum (2014). Photo by John Mason via Flick used under CC BY 2.0; Rosetta Stone at the British Museum in London, UK (2007). Photo by Hans Hillewaert via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Hindu Temple Art – The Sri Thendayuthapani Temple, better known as the Chettiars’ Temple or the Tank Road temple, is one of the Singapore Hindu community’s most important monuments (2006). Photo by Wayne S. Grazio via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Tribute to my late uncle Mosa. (2007). Photo by radiant guy via Flickr used under CC BY-SA 2.0; Book of Kells (2019). Photo by UBC Library Communications and Marketing via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Columbus Monument, Barcelona (2008). Photo by Paula Funnell via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Nansemond Indian Tribe Pow Wow – Suffolk, Virginia (2022). Photo by Watts via Flickr used under CC BY 2.0; First Minister Commemorates Remembrance Sunday 2014 (2014). Photo by Kelvin Boyes / Press Eye / DUP Photos via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; St Giles Hotel (2008). Photo by Myxi via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Bagpipers In Dublin (Men In Kilts) (2013). Photo by William Murphy via Flickr used under CC BY-SA 2.0; Traditional knowledge in Lepcha and Limbu communities (Kalimpong, Eastern Himalaya, India) (2008). Photo by The International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) via Flickr used under CC BY-NC 2.0; U.S. President George W. Bush examines a Yirrkala bark painting during a tour of the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney on 6 September 2007. Photo by  Eric Draper via White House used under public domain license; GA71 – side event – Accelerating Innovation – Empowering Women and Girls (2016). Photo by UN Women/Ryan Brown via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; A grandmother telling a story to a little girl. Graphic by bf5man via OpenClipArt used under CC0; “Sorry” on Survival / Australia Day, National Sorry Day 2015 “such unthinkable theft…..”. Photo by butupa via Flickr used under CC BY 2.0; Wall Street – New York Stock Exchange, New York (2018). Photo by Pom’ via Flickr used under CC BY-SA 2.0; McGlittering (2009). Photo by Håkan Dahlström via Flickr used under CC BY 2.0; March on the Pentagon Anti-War Rally and Vietnam Vet / Iraq Vet Pro-War Counter Rally (2007). Photo by Danny Hammontree via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Massive DC Rally And March For Gaza 22 (2014). Photo by Stephen Melkisethian via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; The Siq is the main entrance to the ancient Nabatean city of Petra in southern Jordan (2020). Photo by Enrico Strocchi via Flickr used under CC BY-SA 2.0; Taj Mahal (2017). Photo by Constantin Conquet via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Hoisting The British Flag at Cape Colony, South Africa, 1796. Painting by R. Caton Woodville via TuckDB Postcards used under CC BY 4.0; Sadhinota 25/40, on the 40th Celebration of Bangladesh Independence (2008). Photo by Shumona Sharna via Flickr used under CC BY-SA 2.0; ‘You are More Than a Label’ by Samantha Jemison and Yasmin Powell at the intersection of Logan Road pedestrian crossing and Buranda State School, Woolloongabba, B0420 (2017). Photo by Brisbane City Council via Flickr used under CC BY 2.0; Rock of Cashel, Caiseal, Éire (2018). Photo by Warren LeMay via Flickr used under CC0; North Tarawa, Kiribati (2018). Photo by Anne Erica Larsen, UNDP via Flickr used under CC BY-NC 2.0; Cedar Fire located near Whiteriver, AZ (2016). Photo by U.S. Forest Service / US Department of Agriculture via Flickr used under CC BY 2.0; W. B. YEATS (1903) from a Photograph by RI.LIOTT in The Cabinet of Irish Literature Selections from the Works of The Chief Poets, Orators, and Prose Writers of Ireland With Biographical Sketches and Literary Notices by Charles A. Read. Via Internet Archive Book of Images on Flickr used under CC0; Hardware Store Owner, 1952 (2007). Photo by Isabelle Adam via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Tansy beetles 1 (2010). Photo by Anneliese Emmans Dean / BBC World Service via Flickr used under CC BY-NC 2.0; The Long Room, Old Library, Trinity College Dublin. Photo by John Mason via Flickr used under CC BY 2.0

In addition to photos credited on this website already are the following photographers and sources:

Crown, Probably for a Statue of the Christ Child. c. 1600-c. 1650 Spanish or Spanish Colonial. Gift of Marilynn B. Alsdorf via The Art Institute of Chicago used under CC0; Fragment from the Topacu Waistband of a Tunic (Uncu), A.D. 1532/1700, Inca-Colonial. Bessie Bennett Endowment via The Art Institute of Chicago used under CC0; Great Court, British Museum (2014). Photo by John Mason via Flick used under CC BY 2.0; Rosetta Stone at the British Museum in London, UK (2007). Photo by Hans Hillewaert via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Hindu Temple Art – The Sri Thendayuthapani Temple, better known as the Chettiars’ Temple or the Tank Road temple, is one of the Singapore Hindu community’s most important monuments (2006). Photo by Wayne S. Grazio via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Tribute to my late uncle Mosa. (2007). Photo by radiant guy via Flickr used under CC BY-SA 2.0; Book of Kells (2019). Photo by UBC Library Communications and Marketing via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Columbus Monument, Barcelona (2008). Photo by Paula Funnell via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Nansemond Indian Tribe Pow Wow – Suffolk, Virginia (2022). Photo by Watts via Flickr used under CC BY 2.0; First Minister Commemorates Remembrance Sunday 2014 (2014). Photo by Kelvin Boyes / Press Eye / DUP Photos via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; St Giles Hotel (2008). Photo by Myxi via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Bagpipers In Dublin (Men In Kilts) (2013). Photo by William Murphy via Flickr used under CC BY-SA 2.0; Traditional knowledge in Lepcha and Limbu communities (Kalimpong, Eastern Himalaya, India) (2008). Photo by The International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) via Flickr used under CC BY-NC 2.0; U.S. President George W. Bush examines a Yirrkala bark painting during a tour of the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney on 6 September 2007. Photo by  Eric Draper via White House used under public domain license; GA71 – side event – Accelerating Innovation – Empowering Women and Girls (2016). Photo by UN Women/Ryan Brown via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; A grandmother telling a story to a little girl. Graphic by bf5man via OpenClipArt used under CC0; “Sorry” on Survival / Australia Day, National Sorry Day 2015 “such unthinkable theft…..”. Photo by butupa via Flickr used under CC BY 2.0; Wall Street – New York Stock Exchange, New York (2018). Photo by Pom’ via Flickr used under CC BY-SA 2.0; McGlittering (2009). Photo by Håkan Dahlström via Flickr used under CC BY 2.0; March on the Pentagon Anti-War Rally and Vietnam Vet / Iraq Vet Pro-War Counter Rally (2007). Photo by Danny Hammontree via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Massive DC Rally And March For Gaza 22 (2014). Photo by Stephen Melkisethian via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; The Siq is the main entrance to the ancient Nabatean city of Petra in southern Jordan (2020). Photo by Enrico Strocchi via Flickr used under CC BY-SA 2.0; Taj Mahal (2017). Photo by Constantin Conquet via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Hoisting The British Flag at Cape Colony, South Africa, 1796. Painting by R. Caton Woodville via TuckDB Postcards used under CC BY 4.0; Sadhinota 25/40, on the 40th Celebration of Bangladesh Independence (2008). Photo by Shumona Sharna via Flickr used under CC BY-SA 2.0; ‘You are More Than a Label’ by Samantha Jemison and Yasmin Powell at the intersection of Logan Road pedestrian crossing and Buranda State School, Woolloongabba, B0420 (2017). Photo by Brisbane City Council via Flickr used under CC BY 2.0; Rock of Cashel, Caiseal, Éire (2018). Photo by Warren LeMay via Flickr used under CC0; North Tarawa, Kiribati (2018). Photo by Anne Erica Larsen, UNDP via Flickr used under CC BY-NC 2.0; Cedar Fire located near Whiteriver, AZ (2016). Photo by U.S. Forest Service / US Department of Agriculture via Flickr used under CC BY 2.0; W. B. YEATS (1903) from a Photograph by RI.LIOTT in The Cabinet of Irish Literature Selections from the Works of The Chief Poets, Orators, and Prose Writers of Ireland With Biographical Sketches and Literary Notices by Charles A. Read. Via Internet Archive Book of Images on Flickr used under CC0; Hardware Store Owner, 1952 (2007). Photo by Isabelle Adam via Flickr used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Tansy beetles 1 (2010). Photo by Anneliese Emmans Dean / BBC World Service via Flickr used under CC BY-NC 2.0; The Long Room, Old Library, Trinity College Dublin. Photo by John Mason via Flickr used under CC BY 2.0

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